Saint of the Day — Friday, June 26, 2026

Saints John and Paul
The Brothers Who Gave Everything

Their Story

Saints John and Paul were brothers who lived in Rome during the fourth century, during one of the most turbulent periods in the history of the early Church.

They served as high-ranking officials in the household of Emperor Constantine, the first Roman emperor to embrace Christianity. Blessed with influence, education, and privilege, they could easily have lived comfortable and secure lives.

Yet for John and Paul, faith in Christ was not merely a private devotion. It was the very center of their lives.

After Constantine's death, Emperor Julian came to power. History remembers him as Julian the Apostate because he abandoned the Christian faith and attempted to restore pagan worship throughout the Roman Empire.

Christians once again found themselves under pressure.

Julian demanded loyalty not only to the empire but also to the pagan gods of Rome.

John and Paul faced a difficult choice.

They could preserve their positions, wealth, and even their lives by offering sacrifice to false gods.

Or they could remain faithful to Christ.

They chose Christ.

A Life Transformed

John and Paul understood that following Jesus sometimes demands everything.

Their faith had transformed them so profoundly that compromise was impossible.

When ordered to renounce Christianity, they refused.

Again and again, they were urged to abandon their faith.

Again and again, they remained steadfast.

Tradition tells us that rather than executing them publicly and risking popular sympathy for Christians, authorities secretly beheaded the brothers in their own home on the Via Labicana around the year 362.

They died together.

As they had lived.

As brothers.

As disciples.

As witnesses.

Their earthly home, sanctified by their martyrdom, later became the site of the magnificent Basilica of Saints John and Paul on Rome's Caelian Hill, which still stands today as a testimony to their courage and fidelity.

Why They Became Saints

The Church venerates John and Paul as martyrs because they willingly laid down their lives rather than deny Christ.

From the earliest centuries, Christians honored their witness. Their names entered the Roman Canon of the Mass, one of the Church's oldest Eucharistic prayers—a sign of the profound esteem the early Church held for these holy brothers.

Their feast has been celebrated for centuries, reminding believers that fidelity to Christ is worth every sacrifice.

What They Teach Us

Saints John and Paul teach us that faith cannot remain superficial.

Authentic discipleship requires courage.

Most Christians will never face martyrdom by the sword, yet every Christian is called to a daily martyrdom—a dying to selfishness, pride, comfort, and fear.

Their witness also highlights the importance of Christian companionship.

They did not face persecution alone.

They strengthened one another.

Encouraged one another.

Prayed with one another.

And ultimately gave their lives together.

In an age marked by isolation, their example reminds us that faith flourishes in community.

We need brothers and sisters who help us remain faithful.

Deeper Insight

The Greek word martyr means "witness."

John and Paul bore witness not only by the manner of their death, but by the manner of their lives.

Martyrdom is not simply dying for Christ.

It is living for Christ every day.

Every act of fidelity, every courageous stand for truth, every refusal to compromise the Gospel becomes a form of witness.

Their lives challenge us to ask:

What am I unwilling to surrender for Jesus?

Scripture

"Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven." — Matthew 5:10

Prayer

Saints John and Paul, glorious martyrs and faithful brothers, pray for us. Strengthen us when our faith is tested. Give us courage to remain faithful to Christ in every circumstance, and help us support one another on the journey to heaven. May we never be ashamed of the Gospel, but always bear witness to Jesus with our lives. Amen.

Intercession

Saints John and Paul, patrons of those who suffer persecution for their faith, intercede for Christians throughout the world who face hardship, discrimination, or violence because they belong to Christ.

Truth for Today

Faith that costs nothing ultimately changes nothing.

Truths to Remember

• Courage is love stronger than fear.
• Fidelity to Christ is worth every sacrifice.
• Christian friendship strengthens perseverance.
• Every disciple is called to witness.
• Martyrdom begins with daily faithfulness.

Reflection

Where in your life is Christ asking you to choose faithfulness over comfort, and who can help you remain strong in that choice?

#SaintOfTheDay #SaintsJohnAndPaul #Martyrs #CatholicFaith #ChristianWitness #FaithAndCourage #DailySaint #RiseWithTheWord

The Sabbath Truth # 11
Mark of the Beast & the Sabbath

On the previous page we found that the mark of the beast is Satan's counterfeit law that goes against the law of God. We also saw that the Roman Catholic Church (the Antichrist system) boasted about changing the Sabbath Day of God from the seventh day to the first. Could this be the mark of the beast? Well the Papal church did say it was her "mark" of authority to change God's Law.

"As Pope Benedict says, Sunday is not just a suspension of ordinary activities, but a time when 'Christians discover the Eucharistic form that their lives are meant to have.' The way we celebrate Sunday will affect the way we live the remainder of the week and is a mark of Christian identity from generation to generation."

(Cardinal Sean P. O'Malley, Pastoral Letter, November 20, 2011)

"Question. Have you any other way of proving that the church has power to institute festivals of precept?

Answer. Had she not such power, she could not have done that in which all modern religionists agree with her.- she could not have substituted the observance of Sunday, the first day of the week, for the observance of Saturday, the seventh day, a change for which there is no Scriptural authority." (Doctrinal Catechism, Rev. Stephen Keenan (Kenedy, New York), p. 174)

Sabbath and the Mark Linked

If you study the little horn power in Daniel 7, you will find an antichrist system who thinks it has power to change God's Laws. This little horn antichrist power is none other than the Papal Church of Rome (Roman Catholic Church). Now if we look at a verse in Revelation 14, we will see a connection with the Sabbath Commandment.

Revelation 14:6-7 ...'And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people, saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.'

The three angels of Revelation 14 represent God's people (messengers) on earth proclaiming His truth during these end times. Notice the words that this messenger uses above - "worship him that made heaven, earth, the seas and waters". Does God have a law that tells us who it is we worship and obey? Exodus 20:11 ...'For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.'

Do you see the connection there? This message of Revelation 14, which also warns about receiving the mark of the beast (Rev. 14:9-10), is pointing us back to creation and the 4th commandment. Why?

Because the sabbath commandment points us to our Creator God and is the only commandment which tells us who it is we worship.

So when we honor the TRUE Bible sabbath (seventh day sabbath, Saturday). We are giving honor, worship and obedience to "Yehovah" as the TRUE God, who is the Creator of the heavens and the earth.

So which command of God is Satan going to counterfeit? The sabbath commandment of course! Through counterfeiting this commandment and introducing a false sabbath day, Satan diverts worship from the TRUE God, Creator of the heavens and earth, to himself! This is vital to grasp! Please look at this with open eyes and ask God to guide you to His truth. This is so important.

There is a group of people known as Gods remnant church on earth, who are represented by these angels in Revelation 14, and they are giving a warning to the world to worship the God who created the heavens, the earth and the seas, and to keep the seventh day Sabbath Commandment.

This issue of the mark of the beast is all to do with worship. Who will we choose to worship and obey? Will we choose to worship and obey God, and keep His Commandments, including the Sabbath commandment? Or will we choose to worship satan by obeying the Roman Catholic Church and keep her sunday sabbath instead?

REMEMBER!! It is only those who keep God's Commandments and the faith of Jesus that do not receive the mark of the beast, as confirmed in Revelation 14:12

Revelation 13:16 ...'And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads.'

So the mark is in the forehead or hand. Now apply this to the Sabbath.

Exodus 20:8 .....'Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.'

Where do we remember? In our FOREHEADS (our minds).

Exodus 20:9-10 .....'Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates.'

With what do we work? Our HANDS!

Are you seeing this important truth? Those who make a free will decision in their minds to give their allegiance to the beast (Roman Catholic Church) and keep their sunday sabbath instead of "remembering" and keeping God's seventh day Sabbath will receive the mark of the beast in their foreheads. Those who simply bow under economic pressure of not being able to "buy or sell", will receive the mark in their hand.

And just look at the state of the world today. Look at the economic troubles of the nations. Unemployment, debt. Look at how people rely so much on the lifestyles they have built up. Entertainment, food, having a good time. Satan is bringing about a position in this world where people will welcome the mark of the beast with open arms, in order to continue "buying and selling".

Do those who keep sunday as Sabbath have the mark of the beast now? No, because Sunday needs to be enforced by law in order to become the mark. And God still has many of His people within the Roman Catholic Church, and the other fallen churches, and is calling His people out of these sunday keeping churches

Revelation 18:4 ...'And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.'

So if God has people still in the Roman Catholic Church and other sunday keeping protestant churches, then they do not have the beast's mark yet. But when the National Sunday Law is enforced in America and throughout the world, then we will have a big decision to make. Do we reject that law, no matter how bad it gets and keep God's Law and receive His seal? Or do we accept the Sunday Law of the Papal church and receive the beast's mark? Friend, very soon we will all have a choice to make, and some are already making that choice, because Sunday laws have already been passed in certain places. No matter how much pressure you are put under, eternity is waiting for you if you just trust in God and keep His Commandments, including the seventh day Sabbath commandment, and keep the faith of Jesus Christ.

Please open your eyes to this truth and "Worship Him who made the heavens, the earth, and all that is in them."

The term mass, which properly denoted the dismissal of the congregation (missio, dismissio) at the close of the general public worship, became, after the end of the fourth century, the name for the worship of the faithful, which consisted in the celebration of the eucharistic sacrifice and the communion. The corresponding terms of the Orientals are λειτουργία, θυσία, προσφορά. - PHILIP SCHAFF

Daily Bible Lesson
THE VATICAN CLAIMS, THEY HAVE THE POWER TO CHANGE GOD'S LAW.

Please, share this study with your family, friends co-workers, and all who you can, for the expansion of the Kingdom of GOD.

Daniel 7:25 ...'And he [the little horn] shall speak great words against the Most High, and shall wear out the saints of the Most High, and think to change times and laws.'

"The Pope is of great authority and power that he can modify, explain, or interpret even divine laws... The Pope can modify divine law, since his power is not of man, but of God, and he acts as vicegerent of God upon earth." (Lucius Ferraris, Prompta Ribliotheca, Papa, art. 2, translated)

"The Pope has the power to change times, to abrogate laws, and to dispense with all things, even the precepts of Christ. The Pope has the authority and often exercised it, to dispense with the command of Christ." (Decretal, de Tranlatic Episcop. Cap. (The Pope can modify divine law.) Ferraris' Ecclesiastical Dictionary)

So the Roman Catholic Church would think to change "time" and the law of God. Did they ever do this? Yes. If you take a look at the Roman Catholic Ten Commandments, you will see that they have made changes to the commandments of God (think to change law). And the Roman Catholic Church boast that it is they who changed the weekly sabbath day from the 7th day to the 1st (think to change time), of which there is no Biblical authority for any such change. Take a look at the following quotes with regards to this sabbath "change".

- "Question. Have you any other way of proving that the church has power to institute festivals of precept?

Answer. Had she not such power, she could not have done that in which all modern religionists agree with her.- she could not have substituted the observance of Sunday, the first day of the week, for the observance of Saturday, the seventh day, a change for which there is no Scriptural authority." (Doctrinal Catechism, Rev. Stephen Keenan (Kenedy, New York), p. 174 ).

- "Question. How prove you that the church hath power to command feasts and holy days?

Answer. By the very act of changing the Sabbath into Sunday, which Protestants allow of; and therefore they fondly contradict themselves by keeping Sunday strictly, and breaking most other feasts commanded by the same church.

Question. How prove you that?
Answer. Because by keeping Sunday they acknowledge the church's power to ordain feasts, and to command them under sin." (The Douay Catechism, Abridgment of Christian Doctrine (Kenedy, New York), p. 58 ).

"As Pope Benedict says, Sunday is not just a suspension of ordinary activities, but a time when 'Christians discover the Eucharistic form that their lives are meant to have.' The way we celebrate Sunday will affect the way we live the remainder of the week and is a mark of Christian identity from generation to generation." (Cardinal Sean P. O'Malley, Pastoral Letter, November 20, 2011).

So the Roman Catholic Church (little horn of Daniel 7) is guilty of changing the law of God. The very commandments that the saints of Revelation 14:12 are keeping which stops them from receiving the mark of the beast. And remember, the issue of the mark of the beast is all to do with worship and obedience. Will we worship and obey the beast and receive it's mark, or worship and obey God? Don't think that you will need to get down on your knees to worship the beast. All you will need to do is give allegiance to the beast and accept it's authority over God, and this would be deemed as worship.

So is the mark of the beast to do with Sunday worship? Yes, but not yet, as Sunday has not yet been enforced as a day of rest yet. But the Roman Catholic Church, along with many other churches and institutions, including trade unions, are now actively pushing for a Sunday law to be enforced as a national and international day of rest. And this is in direct opposition to the sabbath rest that God instituted during creation week. And this places the authority of the Roman Catholic Church above the authority of our Heavenly Father. Which of course is an abomination!

To learn more about our Lord Jesus Christ, the Word of God, and the Sabbath, please visit your local Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Or please visit us at Rossville Seventh-day Adventist Church, located at 1737 Mission Ridge Road, Rossville Georgia 30741

Pastor; Greg Hudson

Services start at 11am on Saturday (Sabbath) morning.

THE PAPAL CHURCH OF ROME BOAST FOR CHANGING THE WEEKLY SABBATH DAY, FROM THE SEVENTH-DAY, TO THE FIRST DAY OF THE WEEK.
Daniel 7:25 ...'And he [the little horn] shall speak great words against the Most High, and shall wear out the saints of the Most High, and think to change times and laws.'

So the Roman Catholic Church would think to change "time" and the law of God. Did they ever do this? Yes. If you take a look at the Roman Catholic Ten Commandments, you will see that they have made changes to the commandments of God (think to change law). And the Roman Catholic Church boast that it is they who changed the weekly sabbath day from the 7th day to the 1st (think to change time), of which there is no Biblical authority for any such change. Take a look at the following quotes with regards to this sabbath "change".

- "Question. Have you any other way of proving that the church has power to institute festivals of precept?
Answer. Had she not such power, she could not have done that in which all modern religionists agree with her.- she could not have substituted the observance of Sunday, the first day of the week, for the observance of Saturday, the seventh day, a change for which there is no Scriptural authority." (Doctrinal Catechism, Rev. Stephen Keenan (Kenedy, New York), p. 174).

- "Question. How prove you that the church hath power to command feasts and holy days?
Answer. By the very act of changing the Sabbath into Sunday, which Protestants allow of; and therefore they fondly contradict themselves by keeping Sunday strictly, and breaking most other feasts commanded by the same church.
Question. How prove you that?
Answer. Because by keeping Sunday they acknowledge the church's power to ordain feasts, and to command them under sin." (The Douay Catechism, Abridgment of Christian Doctrine (Kenedy, New York), p. 58).

"As Pope Benedict says, Sunday is not just a suspension of ordinary activities, but a time when 'Christians discover the Eucharistic form that their lives are meant to have.' The way we celebrate Sunday will affect the way we live the remainder of the week and is a mark of Christian identity from generation to generation." (Cardinal Sean P. O'Malley, Pastoral Letter, November 20, 2011 ).

So the Roman Catholic Church (little horn of Daniel 7) is guilty of changing the law of God. The very commandments that the saints of Revelation 14:12 are keeping which stops them from receiving the mark of the beast. And remember, the issue of the mark of the beast is all to do with worship and obedience. Will we worship and obey the beast and receive it's mark, or worship and obey God? Don't think that you will need to get down on your knees to worship the beast. All you will need to do is give allegiance to the beast and accept it's authority over God, and this would be deemed as worship.

So is the mark of the beast to do with Sunday worship? Yes, but not yet, as Sunday has not yet been enforced as a day of rest yet. But the Roman Catholic Church, along with many other churches and institutions, including trade unions, are now actively pushing for a Sunday law to be enforced as a national and international day of rest. And this is in direct opposition to the sabbath rest that God instituted during creation week. And this places the authority of the Roman Catholic Church above the authority of our Heavenly Father. Which of course is an abomination!

The 4th commandment concerning the seventh day sabbath is the ONLY commandment that tells us who it is we worship. It tells us that we worship the Creator of heaven and earth. It is the central commandment that connects God with mankind, and it contains the seal of God of which the end time saints receive. So anyone who accepts the Sunday law that is going to be enforced will be giving their allegiance and worship to the beast (Roman Catholic Church) instead of God. Then they will be marked (spiritually) with the mark of the beast, either in their forehead, or in their hand. The forehead represents the group of people who freely make their decision in their minds and give their loyalty to the beast, ie., professing Christians who accept the "authority" of the Roman Catholic Church. The hand represents the group of people who just go along with it because of economic pressure, and their actions are in accordance with the mark of the beast, ie., non believers. Which is why it says they get the mark in their foreheads OR their hand.

Lent is the forty-day penitential season in the liturgical year, observed universally by the Catholic Church as a time of fasting, prayer, almsgiving, and conversion to prepare for the Paschal Mystery of Christ's Passion, Death, and Resurrection.[^3] [^4] Modeled on Jesus' forty days of fasting in the desert,[^3] it retains its profoundly sacramental character, uniting the faithful mysteriously to Christ's own trial and triumph.[^3]

Historical Origins and Development
The observance of Lent evolved gradually in the early Church. While some Fathers attributed it to Apostolic institution,[^4] historical evidence shows diversity in the first centuries: St. Irenaeus (c. 177-202) describes varying fasts of one, two, or more days before Easter, with no uniform forty-day period until the fourth century.[^1] [^4] The Council of Nicaea (325) provides the earliest clear reference,[^1] and by 331, St. Athanasius urged a forty-day fast in Alexandria, noting its widespread practice.[^4] Influences included the forty-day fasts of Moses, Elijah, and Christ, as well as preparation for baptism or absolution of penitents.[^1] [^4]

Over time, the term "Lent" derives from the Old English for spring, translating Latin quadragesima ("fortieth day"), akin to Greek tessarakoste.[^4] Variations persisted, such as six-week observances fasting six days a week (totaling 36 days, excluding Sundays), but the essence remained a unified penitential preparation.[^5]

Duration and Liturgical Placement
Lent spans forty days from Ash Wednesday to Holy Thursday (excluding Sundays, which are not fast days), culminating in the Paschal Triduum.[^2] [^4] Computation excludes Sundays to align precisely with the scriptural forty days, though early practices varied slightly.[^1] [^4] In the Roman Rite, it begins with Ash Wednesday; Eastern rites may start on "Clean Monday."[^12]

Purpose and Spiritual Significance
Lent fosters penance, imitating Christ's fast and temptations, to purify the soul and participate in his redemptive work.[^3] It is a "sacramental" season where Christ acts in his Church, giving penitential practices salvific meaning.[^3] Popes emphasize contemplation of Christ's sorrowful face, union with his obedience, and renewal through mercy.[^11] By divine law, all faithful must do penance; ecclesiastical norms reorganize it for Lent's character.[^2]

Penitential Practices
Fasting and Abstinence (Latin Rite Norms)
Abstinence: From meat (but not eggs, dairy, or animal-fat condiments) on Ash Wednesday, Fridays, and Good Friday for ages 14+.[^1] [^2]
Fasting: One full meal, with lesser amounts morning/evening, on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday for ages 21-59.[^2]
These bind gravely; local customs guide quantity.[^2] Mitigations (e.g., meat on certain days via indults) exist but prohibit meat with fish at one meal.[^4]
Prayer and Other Practices
Lent intensifies prayer (e.g., Stations of the Cross, Via Crucis), almsgiving, and sacraments.[^11] Eastern traditions include Presanctified Liturgy on weekdays (no full Eucharistic Liturgy Mon-Fri), Royal Hours, and rigorous fasts excluding meat, dairy, fish (with exceptions).[^12] [^13] [^15] Universal emphasis: educate youth for First Communion.[^16]

| Rite/Tradition | Key Lenten Practices | Exceptions/Notes |
|---------------|----------------------|------------------|
| Latin (Roman) | Abstinence Fridays; fast Ash Wed/Good Fri; meat indults common.[^2] [^4] | Ages 14+ abstain; 21-59 fast.[^2] |
| Greek (Uniat/Non-Uniat) | Xerophagy (dry foods); fish/eggs some days; wine/oil by custom.[^1] | No innovations without Holy See approval.[^1] |
| Coptic | No meat/eggs/dairy all seasons; fish varies.[^1] | Monks/nuns stricter year-round.[^1] |
| Ukrainian Greek Catholic | Liturgy of Presanctified Gifts Wed/Fri; no Liturgy Mon/Tue/Thu.[^13] [^15] | Basil Liturgy on Sundays.[^15] |

Variations and Canonical Notes
Eastern Churches maintain ancient rigor (e.g., no Liturgy certain days to anticipate Pascha),[^13] [^15] while Roman norms, updated by Paenitemini (1966), simplify universal obligations.[^2] Memorials in Lent are optional.[^14] Popes like Benedict XV, Paul VI, and Francis issued annual Lenten messages reinforcing charity and conversion (see additional context table).

In summary, Lent is a graced season of spiritual combat and renewal, rooted in Scripture and Tradition, adapting ancient practices to foster deeper communion with Christ.[^3] [^4] Observe it through prayer, fasting, and alms, ever faithful to Church norms.[^2]

[^1] Catholic Encyclopedia, (The Encyclopedia Press), Abstinence

[^2] Paenitemini, (Pope Paul VI)

[^3] Homiletic Directory (29 June 2014), (Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments), 58

[^4] Catholic Encyclopedia, (The Encyclopedia Press), Lent

[^5] Conference 21. First Conference of Abbot Theonas. On the Relaxation During the Fifty Days., (John Cassian), Chapter 27

[^6] Controversies of the Christian Faith (Disputationes de Controversiis), (Robert Bellarmine), page249

[^7] Letter 55 - From Augustine to Januarius, (Augustine of Hippo), 33

[^8] Letter 55 (400) From Augustine to Januarius, (Augustine of Hippo), Chapter 18. 33

[^9] Council in Trullo (A.D. 692), (Council Document), Canon 29

[^10] Conference 21. First Conference of Abbot Theonas. On the Relaxation During the Fifty Days., (John Cassian), Chapter 23

[^11] 28 February 2001: Ash Wednesday, (Pope John Paul II), 3

[^12] Catechism of the Ukrainian Catholic Church: Christ – Our Pascha, (Synod of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church), 551

[^13] Catechism of the Ukrainian Catholic Church: Christ – Our Pascha, (Synod of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church), 394

[^14] Universal Norms on the Liturgical Year and the General Roman Calendar, (Pope Paul VI), 14

[^15] Catechism of the Ukrainian Catholic Church: Christ – Our Pascha, (Synod of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church), 393

[^16] Acerbo Nimis, (Pope Pius X), 21

12 Holy and Radical Acts That Shook the World of Pope Francis
What made Pope Francis the most beloved and surprising pope of our time?
It wasn’t grand speeches.
It wasn’t perfect theology.
It was radical love in action—and a heart that bent low enough to wash feet, hug the disfigured, and whisper, “Pray for me.”

In this powerful and emotional Christian book, discover the 12 unforgettable moments when Pope Francis shocked the world—not with politics, but with mercy. From skipping banquets to dine with the homeless, to kneeling in confession as the first act of humility, each chapter captures the Gospel made flesh.

Perfect for readers of Catholic books, Pope Francis biographies, spiritual leadership, and Christian living
Included: Catholic books, Pope Francis legacy, Christian leadership, inspirational religious books, Eucharistic miracles, books about humility and mercy
Bonus chapter included: A Eucharistic miracle witnessed by Pope Francis himself, years before he wore white

This is not just a story about a pope.
It’s a story about you.
About the kind of faith that bends down to lift others up.
About the kind of Church the world is still hoping for.

If you’re searching for Catholic inspiration, Christian hope, or a reminder of what love really looks like—start here.

Open these pages and walk with the pope who walked with the poor, the hurting, the forgotten—and maybe… with you too.