Reverend Stephen Hislop (8 September 1817, Duns, Scotland – 4 September 1863, Takalghat), was a missionary to India, an educationist and a keen geologist. He lived and worked in the Vidarbha area of Eastern Maharashtra near Nagpur for 18 years. He spent the first 15 months learning Marathi. As soon as he was fluent he began his missionary work.

Dr. Stephen Hislop founded his first school in Shukrawari on May 2, 1846. The school started with around 30 students, a few of them belonging to the scheduled caste. The school later developed into Hislop College. Hislop had played a significant role in saving Nagpur from turmoil of the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857. He contributed much in the field of geology. Hislop's researches in geological history of Central India led to the development of the coalfields in Chanda and Pench valley. The green mineral Hislopite is named after him. Among his geological discoveries is the fossil reptile, Brachyops laticeps.

Hislop also studied the aboriginal tribes in central India; he published his findings in a paper for the British Association in 1859. This work resulted in a mission for the Gondi people.

Early in his career, Hislop protested against some of the evil practices, such as “hook-swinging” and the exclusion of low castes from the use public wells and tanks, were abolished were abolished by Sir Richard Temple , Chief Commissioner in 1862.